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Reality Graph

Local-first

Air-Gapped AI Code Verification

Last updated: 2026-07-174 min read

selected AI code verification can run without a public network when source, toolchains, dependencies, fixtures, services, policy, and any optional local model have been provisioned inside the boundary. Network isolation, local processing, offline operation, secrets handling, and verification are distinct controls. None alone guarantees privacy, security, correctness, or compliance.

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Contents

What isolation changes - and what it does not prove

NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5.1, checked 17 July 2026, treats boundary protection and network disconnect as explicit security controls; it does not treat disconnection as a complete security result. The SC-7 and SC-10 controls restrict communication paths. Verification still needs declared criteria, available inputs, selected checks, result interpretation, residual-risk review, and a named decision owner.

What works offline, mapped

LayerOffline statusWhat it takes
Written task (the reference)Can be read locallyCurrent revision, access, assumptions, and conflict checks
Deterministic checks (build, types, tests, linters, secret scan)Can run locally when inputs are presentToolchains, dependencies, licenses, fixtures, services, and current rule data
LLM judgment layerOptional local processingApproved model provenance, integrity, capability, configuration, and hardware
Evidence per runCan be stored locallyIntegrity, attribution, timestamps, retention, access, review, and export policy
Generation (for contrast)Limited to provisioned local capabilityNo assumption that task structure compensates for missing capability
A bounded map of local execution and offline operation (checked 17 July 2026). Actual network behavior and coverage must be measured in the deployed environment.

The hardware side of the third row is covered in local LLM code review. Hardware is only one dependency. NIST SP 800-161 Rev. 1 Update 1, updated November 2024 and checked 17 July 2026, treats provenance, acquisition, integration, and maintenance as continuing supply-chain risks. An internal mirror or allowlist can reject names outside its policy, but it can be stale, misconfigured, or contain a compromised legitimate artifact; isolation does not eliminate that residual risk.

The workflow that fits the gap

  1. Precise written tasks. A written task gives generation and verification a declared reference, while assumptions and exclusions keep its coverage visible. It does not compensate automatically for a missing or weaker tool. The checkable form is the same as everywhere.
  2. Small changes, verified each. Bounded diffs can make review scope easier to inspect. They do not prove that the selected tests cover the change.
  3. Deterministic layer first, model second. Run locally available deterministic checks and record what each covered or skipped. Optional model findings remain non-deterministic evidence requiring review.
  4. Evidence with the code. Store results, inputs, versions, omissions, and open risks locally when policy requires it. A record is an evidence artifact, not an audit conclusion or approval.

The ANSSI/BSI recommendations published 4 October 2024 describe security risks and controls for AI coding assistants across deployment models. The joint recommendations are guidance, not certification of this architecture or evidence that an air gap makes generated code safe.

The honest constraints

Network isolation restricts communication paths. Local processing says where computation occurs. Offline operation describes a measured runtime state. Secrets handling governs access and transfer. Verification compares selected evidence with declared criteria. None implies the others.

Residual risks include removable media, transfer stations, insiders, vulnerable endpoints, stale dependencies and rules, compromised provisioned artifacts, weak credentials, incomplete tests, and incorrect human interpretation. Teams need a threat model and accountable approval for their actual environment; local processing without the gap addresses a different architecture and must be evaluated separately.

Where Reality Graph fits

Reality Graph can store declared tasks, selected check results, and evidence files in a locally controlled environment when deployed and configured that way. The evidence reports can remain with the code. Operators must still verify actual network calls, dependencies, telemetry, model endpoints, secrets, transfer paths, access, and retention; the product's own side of that question, what Reality Graph itself transmits, is stated separately. Reality Graph does not make an environment air-gapped and does not guarantee privacy, security, correctness, compliance, evidence integrity, or approval quality.

Offline verification gives you

  • A way to run selected locally provisioned checks without a public network
  • Local evidence storage when integrity and retention are configured
  • A narrower communication boundary that can be measured
  • Explicit provisioning and residual-risk decisions

It does not give you

  • A guarantee of privacy, security, correctness, or compliance
  • Proof that checks are complete or dependencies are trustworthy
  • Safe secrets handling, transfer, access control, or human approval by itself
  • A universal result that transfers to connected or differently configured systems

If these boundaries fit how your team wants to ship:

FAQ

Does AI code verification work without internet access?
Selected verification can run without a public network if the environment already contains the required source, toolchains, dependencies, test services, policies, and optional local model. That is offline operation. Network isolation is a boundary control; local processing identifies where computation happens; neither establishes that the checks are sufficient or that the result is correct, private, secure, or compliant.
What runs offline by construction, and what needs work?
Git and many compilers, type checkers, test runners, linters, and scanners can execute locally, but a real run may still need provisioned dependencies, licenses, fixtures, services, vulnerability data, or documentation. Local models and mirrors also require controlled acquisition, integrity checks, approval, transfer, configuration, and updates. Whether a workflow is offline must be verified against its actual network calls and inputs.
How do AI coding tools behave in an air-gapped environment?
Tools that require an external service cannot use that service across an enforced gap. Locally provisioned agents, IDE extensions, and model endpoints may work, subject to their licenses, dependencies, hardware, configuration, and policy. Capability and verification coverage are deployment-specific; a written task and smaller changes can aid review but do not compensate automatically for missing tools or prove correctness.
How do models and updates get in without breaking the gap?
Through the organization's approved transfer path, with provenance, integrity checks, malware inspection where applicable, authorization, inventory, and rollback. A checksum confirms bit identity with a reference; it does not establish that the reference is trustworthy or safe. Mirrors, allowlists, and pinning can constrain resolution, but their configuration and contents remain supply-chain risks and compromised legitimate packages remain possible.
Is verification evidence harder to produce offline?
Evidence can be written to local files without an external service. That does not make it complete, immutable, attributable, retained, reviewed, or approved. Integrity protection, access control, timestamps, retention, export, and the named human decision remain separate controls, and an evidence report is not an audit result.
Is an air gap worth it just for AI data protection?
An air gap is a risk-based architecture decision, not a general privacy recipe. Local processing can still coexist with network paths, telemetry, removable media, excessive access, or poor secrets handling; an isolated system can still contain vulnerable or malicious artifacts. Privacy, security, correctness, and compliance require their own threat model, controls, evidence, and accountable approval.

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